When the warriors had spent some time in the cities along the coast and
restocked their ships with all the valuables they could carry, they left and
continued to the next town. Most certainly they were prepared to lose at least
some men in battle, which would further lighten the load and increase the
carrying capacity of the ship. The load was also quickly lightened since the men
wanted to eat and drink as often as possible. Fresh food was generally readily
available in the coastal communities and needed for the party’s extended
journey, and plenty of mead was important for keeping the morale up among the
rowers. One could eat almost anything when food was scarce so long as there was
good beer to wash it down. The norm was to lay the ships in the bay, drink
bravely, and drown whatever fright they had in the mead bowl.
The Norsemen were known for being heavy drinkers, and there was great delight in
drinking in the company of many. Erling Skjalgson, the brother-in-law of the
Norwegian king Olaf Trygvason, is said to have had an entourage of ninety men
who both winter and summer drank according to a measure (until a silver stud
appeared above the liquor in the drinking horn or cup) at the mid-day meal, and
without restriction at the evening meal. He even instituted a law forcing people
to drink beer on the summer solstice.[1]
Thorar, a lagman (lawman, one who speaks the law) and person in high estimation,
spent with his brother-in-law the Yule (winter solstice celebration) in 1027 in
one drinking feast after another, challenging the peasants to a contest until
all men were dumb and remembered nothing of what they had said. When Vladimir, a
prince of the Rus dynasty (the Vikings in Russia) attempted to find a suitable
religion for his pagan kingdom, he rejected Islam since it demanded abstinence
and exclaimed that, “Drink is the joy of the Rus. We cannot exist without that
pleasure.”[2]
King Sigurd the Crusader, however, saw a different part of the problem. He
accused his son Magnus of knowing nothing of the customs of foreign people:
“Dost thou not know that men in other countries exercise themselves in other
feats than in filling themselves with ale, and making themselves mad, and so
unfit for everything that they scarcely know each other?”[3]
[1] Daniel Ryden, Olav gjorde ölintag till lag (Olav made beer drinking law), Sydsvenskan.se. The “obligatory” beer drinking is to this day a respected activity in the Nordic countries. On no other day of the year is so much beer consumed as during the midsummer festival.
[2] National Geographic Viking Trail East, March 1985. In the nineteenth century, King Karl XIV Johan (Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte) of Sweden proclaimed that alcohol would be the ruin of the Swedish people. In modern day, however, Sweden ranks only around twentieth place for alcohol consumption among the industrialized nations of the world. Note that the Swedish word rusig literally means drunk and could have roots that go back to the Rus, or the Vikings in Russia.
[3] Snorri Sturluson, Saga of Sigurd the Crusader and his brothers Eyestein and Olaf, Heimskringla: The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway, translated by Samuel Laing (London, 1844), The Online Medieval and Classical Library.